Trypanosomiasis continues to pose a global threat to human health, and human trypanosomiasis infections are mainly caused by Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi. Trypanosoma desjardinsi is a bat-origin trypanosome species that is closely related to Trypanosoma cruzi. On September 26, 2024, the Journal of Infection published the first case report of Trypanosoma desjardinsi infection in China, completed jointly by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and the Academy of Military Sciences. The article reported the first case of Trypanosoma desjardinsi infection in China. The patient was a 30-year-old pregnant woman from Shandong Province, whose main clinical symptoms included persistent high fever, shortness of breath, chest tightness, accompanied by liver function abnormalities and inflammatory responses. Analysis of the patients laboratory test data showed that the gene fragment sequence of Trypanosoma desjardinsi was detected in her blood, and the 18S rRNA and gGAPDH gene sequences were highly homologous to those of Trypanosoma desjardinsi found in bats in Japan and bats in Mengyin County, Shandong Province. Meanwhile, tests on the patients serum and the newborns umbilical cord blood showed positive results for anti-Trypanosoma IgG antibodies. Retrospective investigation results showed that Trypanosoma desjardinsi infection was detected in wild small mammals captured in Shandong Province. The confirmation of Chinas first Trypanosoma desjardinsi case indicates that Trypanosoma desjardinsi, as a zoonotic pathogen, has the potential to infect humans, and the widespread presence of this parasite in rodent and bat species reinforces its new threat to human health.